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window._bd_share_config={"common":{"bdSnsKey":{},"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdPic":"","bdStyle":"0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{},"image":{"viewList":["qzone","tsina","tqq","renren","weixin"],"viewText":"分享到：","viewSize":"16"},"selectShare":{"bdContainerClass":null,"bdSelectMiniList":["qzone","tsina","tqq","renren","weixin"]}};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')).src='http://bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)]; </script>  </div> </div> <div id="4bpbh2in" class="content"><p> 創(chuàng)客教育在今天的教育界得到極大的推崇，與科技社會(huì)的高度發(fā)達(dá)不無(wú)關(guān)系。而創(chuàng)客教育的目的和意義究竟是什么，有哪些模式可以供教學(xué)工作者與青少年參與摸索并建立呢。</p><p>1.構(gòu)建無(wú)處不在的創(chuàng)客環(huán)境</p><p> 創(chuàng)客環(huán)境是實(shí)施創(chuàng)客教育的基礎(chǔ)條件。研究者常將創(chuàng)客環(huán)境分成兩類，一類是線下的物理創(chuàng)客空間(Maker Space)，另一類是在線的創(chuàng)客社區(qū)(Maker Community)?？紤]到空間的虛擬性，這里將創(chuàng)客社區(qū)也納入創(chuàng)客空間的范疇，而將物理創(chuàng)客空間命名為創(chuàng)客實(shí)驗(yàn)室。創(chuàng)客社區(qū)是供創(chuàng)客們展示作品，交流經(jīng)驗(yàn)和思想，分享工具、軟件、材料等資源的線上社交空間?；埕~創(chuàng)新學(xué)院健在各高校的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，就充當(dāng)了聯(lián)合開發(fā)與創(chuàng)造的作用，為學(xué)員的奇思妙想充當(dāng)基礎(chǔ)。同時(shí)，創(chuàng)客實(shí)驗(yàn)室往往具有較大的空間、更加開放、設(shè)備材料多樣齊全、多用途等顯著特征。</p><p>2.重構(gòu)課程體系，走向創(chuàng)客課程</p><p> 應(yīng)用創(chuàng)客理念改革課程內(nèi)容與結(jié)構(gòu)，是新課程改革發(fā)展的重要趨勢(shì)。為更好地貫徹實(shí)施創(chuàng)客教育，需要對(duì)當(dāng)前的課程體系進(jìn)行深度優(yōu)化：一要強(qiáng)調(diào)多學(xué)科內(nèi)容的整合性和課程材料的時(shí)代性，即所學(xué)內(nèi)容要與時(shí)代發(fā)展聯(lián)系更加緊密；二要強(qiáng)調(diào)信息技術(shù)的融合性，任何學(xué)科都可以引入各種技術(shù)工具、軟件平臺(tái)、媒體素材等，在促進(jìn)學(xué)科教學(xué)的同時(shí)提升學(xué)生的信息素養(yǎng)；三要強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)科活動(dòng)的實(shí)踐性，讓學(xué)生能夠動(dòng)手操作，教材內(nèi)容、課后練習(xí)、教輔材料的組織應(yīng)盡可能以活動(dòng)為導(dǎo)向，而非說(shuō)教式或操練型組織模式?；埕~創(chuàng)新學(xué)院吸收來(lái)自德國(guó)的先進(jìn)教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，整合STEAM教學(xué)資源，在課程的建設(shè)方面，取得顯著成效。</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="/data/upload/image/20180509/1525829515151802.jpeg" style="width: 420px; height: 220px;" title="" alt="" width="420" vspace="0" height="220" border="0"/></p><p>3.變革學(xué)習(xí)方式，在創(chuàng)造中學(xué)習(xí)</p><p> 創(chuàng)客教育對(duì)傳統(tǒng)教育的變革作用，集中體現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)方式的轉(zhuǎn)變上。隨著可視化數(shù)字設(shè)計(jì)、3D打印、開源軟/硬件等技術(shù)的逐步成熟和價(jià)格的降低，學(xué)校教育生態(tài)又將引入更多新穎的技術(shù)，為開展更靈活、更具創(chuàng)造性的教與學(xué)活</p><p>4.組織創(chuàng)客活動(dòng)，培育創(chuàng)客文化</p><p> 創(chuàng)客運(yùn)動(dòng)的蓬勃發(fā)展，得益于各種創(chuàng)客活動(dòng)的成功舉辦。以創(chuàng)客嘉年華為例，該活動(dòng)2006年發(fā)源于美國(guó)舊金山，而今已風(fēng)靡全球，大大提高了民眾對(duì)創(chuàng)客的認(rèn)識(shí)和興趣，使更多的企業(yè)、公益組織、政府機(jī)構(gòu)、學(xué)校等參與進(jìn)來(lái)。創(chuàng)客教育的快速推廣，也需要以多種活動(dòng)的方式，加大宣傳力度，讓更多的人了解、支持創(chuàng)客教育運(yùn)動(dòng)。</p><p>5.打造創(chuàng)客教師隊(duì)伍，提供專業(yè)指導(dǎo)</p><p> 創(chuàng)客教育需大批具備綜合素質(zhì)、能夠開設(shè)創(chuàng)客課程，指導(dǎo)學(xué)生創(chuàng)客活動(dòng)的專業(yè)教師。當(dāng)前，我國(guó)中小學(xué)各種科技比賽的指導(dǎo)教師隊(duì)伍主要以信息技術(shù)教師為主。信息技術(shù)教師對(duì)先進(jìn)技術(shù)具有較強(qiáng)的敏感度和應(yīng)用能力，雖然能夠在軟硬件技術(shù)、高級(jí)編程、電子器件等方面給學(xué)生提供專業(yè)指導(dǎo)，但還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。創(chuàng)客是一項(xiàng)高度復(fù)雜的、綜合性極強(qiáng)的創(chuàng)造性活動(dòng)，是對(duì)勇氣、智力、智慧、毅力的綜合考驗(yàn)。學(xué)生在創(chuàng)客學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中，必然會(huì)遇到諸多困難，需要在學(xué)科知識(shí)、技術(shù)工具、靈感啟發(fā)、心靈安慰等多方面得到專業(yè)的指導(dǎo)和及時(shí)的反饋。目前，無(wú)論在高等教育還是基礎(chǔ)教育，能夠擔(dān)當(dāng)創(chuàng)客指導(dǎo)教師角色的人才還很匱乏。</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="/data/upload/image/20180509/1525829515210245.jpeg" style="width: 420px; height: 220px;" title="" alt="" width="420" vspace="0" height="220" border="0"/></p><p>6.成立創(chuàng)客教育組織，推動(dòng)創(chuàng)客教育運(yùn)動(dòng)</p><p> 創(chuàng)客組織的建設(shè)與高效運(yùn)行，將成為創(chuàng)客教育運(yùn)動(dòng)蓬勃發(fā)展的“助推器”，在促進(jìn)創(chuàng)客活動(dòng)開展、創(chuàng)客文化培育、創(chuàng)客空間建設(shè)等方面發(fā)揮至關(guān)重要的作用。以美國(guó)的Maker Ed組織為例，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)創(chuàng)客組織的重要價(jià)值所在。Maker Ed是一家從事創(chuàng)客教育的公益性組織，其使命是通過(guò)使創(chuàng)造貫穿于整個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程，發(fā)展所有年輕人對(duì)科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程、數(shù)學(xué)、藝術(shù)等的興趣，提高他們的創(chuàng)造自信心和能力。在創(chuàng)客傳媒、英特爾、皮克斯等贊助商的大力支持下，該組織通過(guò)與教育工作者、青年志愿者組織和全國(guó)公民一起合作，在不到三年的時(shí)間里已經(jīng)影響了全美成千上萬(wàn)的年輕人的生活，大大推動(dòng)了美國(guó)創(chuàng)客運(yùn)動(dòng)與文化在學(xué)校乃至全社會(huì)的普及。</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="/data/upload/image/20180509/1525829516637629.jpeg" style="width: 420px; height: 220px;" title="" alt="" width="420" vspace="0" height="220" border="0"/></p><p>7.啟動(dòng)創(chuàng)客教育計(jì)劃，推進(jìn)創(chuàng)客教育有序、可持續(xù)發(fā)展</p><p> 與產(chǎn)業(yè)界相比，目前教育領(lǐng)域的創(chuàng)客運(yùn)動(dòng)還未引起政府部門的足夠重視。創(chuàng)客教育是教育領(lǐng)域深化改革的重要“抓手”，有望以“創(chuàng)新、創(chuàng)造”為核心理念帶動(dòng)整個(gè)教育生態(tài)的系統(tǒng)變革，落實(shí)國(guó)家創(chuàng)新教育發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。因此，國(guó)家應(yīng)在綜合考慮國(guó)情及社會(huì)發(fā)展需求的基礎(chǔ)上，盡早啟動(dòng)創(chuàng)客教育計(jì)劃。該計(jì)劃旨在推動(dòng)全國(guó)創(chuàng)客教育的有序、可持續(xù)發(fā)展，為創(chuàng)新人才培養(yǎng)提供更加明確的實(shí)施路徑和方法。</p><p>8.吸引多方力量參與，形成協(xié)同效應(yīng)</p><p> 單靠教育系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部力量，難以實(shí)現(xiàn)新時(shí)期教育事業(yè)的跨越式發(fā)展，諸多教育難題(擇校、減負(fù)、公平、均衡等)的有效解決需要全社會(huì)力量的參與。創(chuàng)客教育的發(fā)展也不例外，需要推動(dòng)政府部門、教育界、產(chǎn)業(yè)界以及創(chuàng)客組織的跨界合作，形成協(xié)同效應(yīng)。政府提供政策和資金支持，教育界提供智力資源和人力支持，產(chǎn)業(yè)界提供技術(shù)、工具和平臺(tái)支撐，創(chuàng)客組織負(fù)責(zé)計(jì)劃、推動(dòng)、組織各種創(chuàng)客活動(dòng)。此外，家庭教育的作用也至關(guān)重要。父母應(yīng)積極支持孩子的各種創(chuàng)造行為，為其營(yíng)造良好的家庭環(huán)境，有條件的家庭甚至可以在家里打造小型的創(chuàng)客空間。</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="/data/upload/image/20180509/1525829516306360.jpeg" style="width: 420px; height: 220px;" title="" alt="" width="420" vspace="0" height="220" border="0"/></p><p> 此外，我國(guó)面臨嚴(yán)峻的教育公平和均衡問(wèn)題。創(chuàng)客教育如何延伸到中西部偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)，如何讓社會(huì)弱勢(shì)群體也能平等參與？創(chuàng)客是否會(huì)加劇教育的不公平，是否會(huì)拉大數(shù)字教育鴻溝？這些難題都是創(chuàng)客教育在發(fā)展過(guò)程中不可回避的。慧魚創(chuàng)新學(xué)院作為機(jī)器人在內(nèi)的綜合的創(chuàng)客機(jī)構(gòu)，將更大程度的匯聚教育智庫(kù)、社會(huì)公眾、企業(yè)、政府等多方智慧，協(xié)同創(chuàng)造有效的綜合性解決方案，為教育事業(yè)的創(chuàng)新發(fā)展掃清障礙。</p><p><br/></p></div> <h3 class="tag">本文網(wǎng)址：http://m.jwd-lcd.com/news/406.html </h3> <h3 class="tag">相關(guān)標(biāo)簽：<a href="http://m.jwd-lcd.com/tag/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E4%BB%BF%E7%9C%9F">虛擬仿真</a> </h3> <div id="4bpbh2in" class="page">上一篇：<a href="http://m.jwd-lcd.com/news/405.html">什么是創(chuàng)客教育</a><br />下一篇：<span><a href="http://m.jwd-lcd.com/news/407.html">創(chuàng)客的演變史</a></span></div> </div> <div id="4bpbh2in" class="relateproduct relate"><h4>最近瀏覽：</h4> <div id="4bpbh2in" class="content"> <ul id="relate_n" class="news_list clearfix"> </ul> </div> </div>  <div 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